{
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    "name": "ScholarFlow Research",
    "url": "https://scholarflow.ca",
    "description": "ScholarFlow studies how humans and intelligent machines form productive, adaptive systems of knowledge activity across cultural and institutional contexts."
  },
  "generated_at": "2026-06-04T16:51:36+00:00",
  "license_note": "Essays are CC BY-NC 4.0 unless otherwise stated. Publications retain publisher copyrights.",
  "people": [
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      "affiliation": "West Ukrainian National University"
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        "ukrainian",
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        "normalno",
        "crisis",
        "war",
        "under fire"
      ]
    },
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      "id": "indigenous-digital-advancement",
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        "sociocultural advancement",
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        "georgia",
        "ukraine",
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        "technology attitudes",
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      "id": "digital-learning-readiness",
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        "digital competencies",
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      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/essays/agential-turn-in-human-llm-activity.html",
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        "AI empowerment",
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      "date": "2026-05-08",
      "description": "The finished output no longer tells us who, or what, actually shaped the work. Attribution must move beyond authorship toward the functions of origin, transformation, control, validation, and stewardship.",
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      "author": {
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      "machine_json": "https://scholarflow.ca/essays/json/attribution-problem-after-human-only-collaboration.json",
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      "word_count": 1266,
      "reading_time_minutes": 6,
      "citations": {
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      "date": "2026-05-09",
      "description": "What if skill belongs less to individuals than to configured systems? Human-machine capability now emerges across people, models, scripts, and institutions, raising a sharper question: can humans adapt fast enough?",
      "keywords": [
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        "orchestration",
        "multi-agent-systems",
        "cognitive-expansion",
        "scholarflow"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Dr. Todd J.B. Blayone",
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      },
      "author_ref": "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-todd-blayone",
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      "reading_time_minutes": 5,
      "citations": {
        "apa": "Blayone, T. J. B. (2026, May 9). Entity-Neutral Skills and the One-Horse Race. ScholarFlow Research. https://scholarflow.ca/essays/entity-neutral-skills-one-horse-race.html",
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      "date": "2026-05-09",
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      "author": {
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      "license": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
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      "reading_time_minutes": 8,
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      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/essays/from-parsing-to-reading-with-llms.html",
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      "keywords": [
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        "orchestration",
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      "author": {
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      "word_count": 1085,
      "reading_time_minutes": 5,
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      "name": "Intelligence Under Constraint",
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      "date": "2025-10-17",
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      "id": "orchestrating-closure-with-conviction",
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      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/essays/orchestrating-closure-with-conviction.html",
      "date": "2025-10-10",
      "description": "Human-LLM work can drift forever unless someone decides what counts as enough. Conviction appears here as a system function: the force that stabilizes closure while keeping its risks in view.",
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        "functionalism",
        "cybernetics"
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      "date": "2026-05-08",
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      "id": "2025-blayone-using-digital-technologies",
      "type": "publication",
      "name": "Using digital technologies for Indigenous sociocultural advancement in an era of AI: A systematic critical synthesis",
      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/articles/2025-blayone-using-digital-technologies.html",
      "date": "2025",
      "description": "This paper examines how digital technologies are mobilized in Indigenous advancement projects and asks a functional question: what are these projects doing, and to what end? Using systematic review methods and critical synthesis, the study analyzes initiatives ranging from digital heritage archives to language revitalization platforms to map the types of capability these systems cultivate. Findings show a consistent pattern: most projects optimize for cultural preservation and symbolic affirmation, while fewer develop transferable problem solving or design capacities that support long term innovation. This is not a critique of cultural work, but a diagnostic observation showing how digital infrastructures often become vehicles for expressing identity more than exercising adaptive intelligence. Framed through an activity system lens, the study situates digital Indigeneity within the...",
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        "Blayone, T. J. B.",
        "Mykhailenko, O."
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        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-olena-mykhailenko"
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      "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2024-0086",
      "journal": "Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture",
      "machine_json": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/JSON/2025-blayone-using-digital-technologies.json",
      "preview_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/previews/2025-blayone-using-digital-technologies.pdf",
      "full_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/full/2025-blayone-using-digital-technologies.pdf",
      "abstract_available": true,
      "section_count": 36,
      "about": [
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        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-llm-uses-in-wartime-ukraine",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-indigenous-digital-advancement",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-comparative-techno-cultural-studies"
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    },
    {
      "id": "2020-mykhailenko-optimism-interest-gender-equality",
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      "name": "Optimism, interest and gender equality: comparing attitudes of university students in Latvia and Ukraine toward IT learning and work",
      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/articles/2020-mykhailenko-optimism-interest-gender-equality.html",
      "date": "2020",
      "description": "This study captured a generation's mindset just before artificial intelligence redrew the boundaries of technical work. A thousand students in Latvia and Ukraine were asked how they felt about information technology—whether it inspired optimism, anxiety, or genuine curiosity, and how those feelings intersected with gender and equality. The patterns are strikingly relevant today. The data revealed two different technological climates. Ukrainian students, surrounded by rapid economic and infrastructural change, leaned toward optimism: technology was seen as a route to reinvention. Latvian students, situated in more mature systems, were more cautious, attuned to the social costs of digital acceleration. Men showed greater self-declared interest in learning IT, while women expressed comparable confidence about future workplace equality—a latent readiness still waiting for the right learning...",
      "keywords": [
        "information technology attitudes",
        "digitalisation",
        "learning interest",
        "gender equality",
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        "Ukraine"
      ],
      "authors": [
        "Mykhailenko, O.",
        "Blayone, T. J. B.",
        "Usca, S.",
        "Kvasovskyi, O.",
        "Desyatnyuk, O."
      ],
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        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-olena-mykhailenko",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-todd-blayone"
      ],
      "doi": "10.1080/03057925.2020.1843999",
      "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1843999",
      "journal": "Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education",
      "machine_json": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/JSON/2020-mykhailenko-optimism-interest-gender-equality.json",
      "preview_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/previews/2020-mykhailenko-optimism-interest-gender-equality.pdf",
      "full_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/full/2020-mykhailenko-optimism-interest-gender-equality.pdf",
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      "section_count": 25,
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2020-blayone-prepared-for-work-industry4",
      "type": "publication",
      "name": "Prepared for work in Industry 4.0? Modelling the target activity system and five dimensions of worker readiness",
      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/articles/2020-blayone-prepared-for-work-industry4.html",
      "date": "2020",
      "description": "This paper set out to model what readiness meant as work entered the Industry 4.0 transition. Using Activity Theory as its backbone, it maps the workplace as an interacting system of motives, mediating tools, and shared objectives. From this model emerges five dimensions of readiness—technical skill, social collaboration, motivation, metacognition, and contextual understanding—each describing a way humans learn to align intention with technological affordance. The research combines conceptual modelling with cross-disciplinary synthesis, illustrating how automation was already transforming not only what workers do, but how they think about doing. Its diagrams of interacting subsystems anticipate the fluid boundaries that now define human–AI work. In 2020, the intelligent machine was still a programmable artifact. Today, it is a semi-autonomous actor. What the paper calls metacognitive...",
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        "Industry 4.0",
        "activity theory",
        "worker readiness",
        "automation",
        "human-machine collaboration",
        "metacognition",
        "digital transformation"
      ],
      "authors": [
        "Blayone, T. J. B.",
        "van Oostveen, R."
      ],
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        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-todd-blayone"
      ],
      "doi": "10.1080/0951192X.2020.1836677",
      "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020.1836677",
      "journal": "International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing",
      "machine_json": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/JSON/2020-blayone-prepared-for-work-industry4.json",
      "preview_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/previews/2020-blayone-prepared-for-work-industry4.pdf",
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      "abstract_available": true,
      "section_count": 29,
      "about": [
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        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-human-llm-activity-systems",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-digital-learning-readiness"
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    },
    {
      "id": "2020-blayone-exploring-technology-attitudes-personal-cultural-orientations",
      "type": "publication",
      "name": "Exploring technology attitudes and personal–cultural orientations as student readiness factors for digitalised work",
      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/articles/2020-blayone-exploring-technology-attitudes-personal-cultural-orientations.html",
      "date": "2020",
      "description": "Across Eastern Europe, digitalisation arrives not as a uniform tide but as a cultural negotiation. In Latvia and Ukraine, young professionals grow up amid competing habits of hierarchy, risk, and autonomy. The research follows these undercurrents, tracing how optimism, anxiety, and learning interest toward technology intertwine with inherited cultural codes: individualism and collectivism, tolerance for ambiguity, power distance, and decision-making empowerment. The patterns it reveals feel familiar today. Curiosity flourishes where social distance shrinks and ambiguity is tolerated; anxiety dominates when authority is fixed and uncertainty avoidance is high. Ukrainian participants, shaped by fluid institutions and rapid change, show greater optimism and empowerment. Latvians, inheriting steadier systems, lean toward caution and structure. The contrast exposes not technological...",
      "keywords": [
        "technology attitudes",
        "optimism",
        "anxiety",
        "learning interest",
        "personal cultural orientations",
        "individualism",
        "collectivism",
        "power distance",
        "uncertainty avoidance",
        "tolerance for ambiguity",
        "decision-making empowerment",
        "Latvia",
        "Ukraine"
      ],
      "authors": [
        "Blayone, T. J. B.",
        "Mykhailenko, O.",
        "Usca, S.",
        "Abuze, A.",
        "Romanets, I.",
        "Oleksiiv, M."
      ],
      "author_refs": [
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-todd-blayone",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-olena-mykhailenko"
      ],
      "doi": "10.1108/heswbl-03-2020-0041",
      "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-03-2020-0041",
      "journal": "Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning",
      "machine_json": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/JSON/2020-blayone-exploring-technology-attitudes-personal-cultural-orientations.json",
      "preview_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/previews/2020-blayone-exploring-technology-attitudes-personal-cultural-orientations.pdf",
      "full_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/full/2020-blayone-exploring-technology-attitudes-personal-cultural-orientations.pdf",
      "abstract_available": true,
      "section_count": 21,
      "about": [
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-llm-uses-in-wartime-ukraine",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-comparative-techno-cultural-studies",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-digital-learning-readiness"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2019-blayone-theorizing-effective-use-digital-technology",
      "type": "publication",
      "name": "Theorising effective uses of digital technology with activity theory",
      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/articles/2019-blayone-theorizing-effective-use-digital-technology.html",
      "date": "2019",
      "description": "Digital technology is never just a tool; it is a living participant in human activity. This study rebuilds the concept of effective use from the ground up, using activity theory to describe how people and technologies co organize action. From this scaffolding, a grammar of digitally mediated activity takes shape, outlining six structural elements and seven human machine dynamics that together constitute the modern ecology of intelligence. Within that grammar, four subsystems unfold. Functional systems describe how humans and tools form hybrid agencies that extend capability. Cultural mediation explains how digital technologies reshape what counts as expression, from the private act of thought to collective creation. Automation traces how operations migrate between humans and machines, revealing intelligence as a circulating property rather than a possession. Collective activity explores...",
      "keywords": [
        "activity theory",
        "effective use",
        "digital technology",
        "human-machine systems",
        "distributed cognition",
        "collective activity",
        "automation",
        "intelligent participation"
      ],
      "authors": [
        "Blayone, T. J. B."
      ],
      "author_refs": [
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#person-todd-blayone"
      ],
      "doi": "10.1080/1475939X.2019.1645728",
      "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2019.1645728",
      "journal": "Technology, Pedagogy and Education",
      "machine_json": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/JSON/2019-blayone-theorizing-effective-use-digital-technology.json",
      "preview_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/previews/2019-blayone-theorizing-effective-use-digital-technology.pdf",
      "full_pdf": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/full/2019-blayone-theorizing-effective-use-digital-technology.pdf",
      "abstract_available": true,
      "section_count": 22,
      "about": [
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-orchestrated-functional-complementarity",
        "https://scholarflow.ca/machine/knowledge-graph.jsonld#theme-human-llm-activity-systems"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2018-blayone-surveying-digital-competencies-ukraine",
      "type": "publication",
      "name": "Surveying digital competencies of university students and professors in Ukraine for fully online collaborative learning",
      "url": "https://scholarflow.ca/publications/articles/2018-blayone-surveying-digital-competencies-ukraine.html",
      "date": "2018",
      "description": "Before digital learning becomes an ecosystem, it begins as an experiment in shared presence. In post revolutionary Ukraine, this research tests whether the social and cognitive habits required for collaborative online learning exist in the first place. Using the General Technology Competency and Use (GTCU) framework, 244 students and professors map their experience and confidence across four dimensions of human computer activity: technical, social, informational, and epistemological, relating these to the three presences of the Community of Inquiry model: social, cognitive, and teaching. The portrait that emerges is transitional. Ukrainian students and professors show moderate technical and social competence but low epistemological capacity, the ability to think with technology rather than merely through it. They communicate, search, and manage information effectively, yet struggle with...",
      "keywords": [
        "digital competencies",
        "online learning",
        "Ukraine",
        "higher education",
        "GTCU",
        "Community of Inquiry",
        "epistemological competence",
        "collaborative learning"
      ],
      "authors": [
        "Blayone, T. J. B.",
        "Mykhailenko, O.",
        "van Oostveen, R.",
        "Grebeshkov, O.",
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